地质学的子专业主要包括:1.矿物学、岩石学、矿床学;2.地球化学;3.古生物学与地层学(含 ...
地球化学是研究地球及其子系统(包括部分宇宙体)的化学组成和化学演化的一门学科。主要研究地球(包括部分天体)的化学组成;研究地质过程中化学作用机制和条件、元素的共生组合及其赋存形式及元素的迁移和循环等等的学科。
古生物学与地层学(含:古人类学),研究各地质时代不同生物群区系的科学。同一地质时代的生物群有其共同性,但在海洋中,因陆桥或洋流的隔离;在陆地上,因海水的隔离或地理环境不同,生物群也有差异。如早古生代的海洋有北极区、大西洋区、太平洋区、印度太平洋区;晚古生代因古地中海的隔绝,在北方有安加拉大陆及亚洲东部华夏古陆,在南方有包括非洲、南美洲、大洋洲及印度次大陆的冈达瓦纳大陆等。
构造地质学专业是研究固体地球及表层物质结构构造、形成演化过程及规律,并为维持充足的能源、固体矿产,减轻地震等地质灾害和评估工程地质环境提供构造地质学依据的学科。构造地质学是以固体地球特别是地壳和岩石圈物质结构、构造演化为中心,以构造地质、地球物理、地球化学、岩石学、古生物地层学、同位素地质学的基本原理和方法为基础,在宏观至微观不同尺度上研究大陆地壳、岩石圈的组成,地质构造现象和地球系统的演变规律。
第四纪地质学是研究大约近300万年以来地球表层地质和环境发展演变历史,预测与人类生产和生活有关的气候、海面等自然环境的发展趋势,促进人类对自然环境的最优化利用和管理布局的科学。
本专业介绍人类赖以生存的地球表面即地球岩石圈,是由岩石组成的。而岩石是由许多矿物组成的。当岩石由有用矿物组成时,就构成了矿石或矿床。本专业是研究地球物质组成及其演化的一门学科。
戴金星
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石油天然气地质学和地球化学专家,中国天然气之父,中国科学院院士。提出“煤系是良好的工业性烃源岩”理论,开拓了我国煤成气开发研究工作。提出了煤成烃模式、各类天然气藏鉴别方法、天然气藏模式及大中型气田富集规律。
邱中建
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石油地质学家,中国工程院院士。邱中建提出改进油气勘探程序的专论,推动了中国石油天然气勘探程序的科学化进程。是大庆油田的重要发现人之一,参加的“大庆发现过程中的地球科学工作”项目获国家自然科学一等奖。是胜坨油田的发现者之一。作为主要参加者完成的科研成果“渤海湾盆地复式油气集聚(区)带的形成理论与实践研究”获国家科技进步特等奖。负责海洋石油勘探工作,主持塔里木油田的勘探开发会战,奠定了“西气东输”的资源基础。
王铁冠
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是我国最早研究煤成油的专家之一,中国科学院院士。建立有机地球化学与煤岩学相结合的有效烃源岩研究方法,确证“成煤过程中也可能伴随有‘生油’过程”,煤中沥青是“由煤或高等植物成因液态烃类衍生物”,被美国化学文摘(CA)和地质文摘(Geo Ref)数据库收录;提出煤系烃源岩“分期生油”理念,最早论证渗出沥青体作为石油生成和初次运移的直接标志,为解决煤成油研究的重大争议问题提供了充分依据,推动了煤成油理论的发展;最先从生烃机理、资源分布规律等方面全面系统地研究了低熟油理论问题,创造性地建立五种原始母质早期生烃机理和模式,弥补了国际上“干酪根晚期热降解生烃”理论的缺陷,发展了陆相生油和石油地质理论,开拓了油气勘探领域,出版了国内外第一部《低熟油气形成机理与分布》专著;他是国内率先向研究生开设“分子有机地球化学”,主讲“油藏地球化学”。
Geomechanics is a branch of geology to deal with the laws of crustal structures and crustal movement. It deals with structural phenomena in different scales from microstructure to lithosphere texture. It deals with the mechanical properties of structural features, divides generation ang order of structural features, establishes structural systems and structural patterns, study distributional and evolutional laws of global tectonic systems and structural stress field for different structural patterns, analyzes the compound and combined types of structural systems, discusses the form and direction of crustal movement according to the distributional lows of global structural systems and their structural stress fields and sums up the origin of crustal movement and tectonic force. The application of geomechanics to mineral exploration,engineering geology and geohydrology as well as seismic geology are also the main contents of geomechanics.
The Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology is a synthesize curriculum ,including the Sedimentary ,the physical Geology ,the old Climatology ,the Palaeoantology the Newtectonism ,the Geology Chronology and so on. The basic knowledge of geology is its main parts. The Quaternary Geology is a discipline which studies the sediment, biology ,climate ,stratigraphy ,neotectiontic movement and history development regularity of the Earth’s crust about two or three million years .The Geomorphology is a discipline which studies the surface form, feature ,factor ,distribution and so on. Both the Geomorphology and the Quaternary Geology look on the surface natural environment and their evolution history as their research object. They also study identical problem from distinct angle. Their research results are mutually supplement and very intimate with a lot of theories and practical application values.
Origin, diagenesis and geochemistry of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
Geochemistry is essential reading for all earth science students, as well as for researchers and applied scientists who require an introduction to the essential theory of geochemistry, and a survey of its applications in the earth and environmental sciences.
Introduction to crystallography, physical and chemical properties of minerals. Recognition and identification of common minerals.
Analysis and interpretation of natural deformation.Studies of natural deformation using advanced techniques.
An introduction to physical geology
Principles of Geophysics," is to introduce graduate students and advanced undergraduates to the broad spectrum of knowledge that can be obtained by the application of basic principles of physics and mathematics to the study of the earth. Important aspects of the earth's evolution, structure, and dynamic processes will be discussed.
ISSN: 1000-9515
ISSN: 1000-0550
ISSN: 0253-9985
ISSN: 1342-937X
ISSN: 0091-7613
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